En ce 17 octobre, Haïti commémore la mort tragique de Jean-Jacques Dessalines, père fondateur de la nation et symbole de liberté. Deux siècles plus tard, la mémoire de l’Empereur reste vivante, entre hommage patriotique et amertume face aux trahisons et divisions qui continuent de hanter le pays qu’il avait rêvé uni et souverain.
Chaque 17 octobre, la mémoire collective haïtienne se tourne vers l’un des chapitres les plus marquants de son histoire : l’assassinat de Jean-Jacques Dessalines, père fondateur de la nation, survenu le 17 octobre 1806 à Pont-Rouge, aux portes de Port-au-Prince.
Deux ans seulement après avoir proclamé l’indépendance d’Haïti, le 1er janvier 1804, Dessalines — devenu empereur sous le nom de Jacques Ier — tombait sous les coups de ses anciens compagnons d’armes. Cet acte de trahison a marqué un tournant tragique dans l’histoire du jeune État haïtien, mettant fin à la brève ère impériale et ouvrant la voie à des divisions internes profondes, dont les conséquences se font encore sentir aujourd’hui.
Le 17 octobre est bien plus qu’un simple repère historique : il symbolise la lutte héroïque contre l’oppression coloniale et l’esclavage, menée par celui qui demeure, pour beaucoup, l’âme de l’indépendance haïtienne. En ce jour, Haïtiens et Haïtiennes honorent la mémoire de celui qui mena les esclaves à la liberté et posa les fondations de la première république noire du monde moderne.
Mais cette commémoration est aussi un rappel douloureux : celui de la trahison et des divisions internes qui ont affaibli Haïti dès sa naissance. Le sacrifice de Dessalines, salué comme celui d’un martyr, est souvent évoqué dans un contexte de désillusion nationale — face à une société toujours en quête de justice, d’unité et de souveraineté réelle.
Deux siècles après son assassinat, le rêve d’un État fort, juste et uni semble encore inachevé. Les luttes fratricides, la dépendance économique, l’effritement des institutions et la perte de confiance du peuple rappellent que la véritable trahison de Dessalines ne s’est pas jouée uniquement à Pont-Rouge, mais se poursuit, chaque jour, dans nos renoncements collectifs.
FHM
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